Seamless pipe for petroleum,petrochemical,chemical industrie
Seamless steel pipes for petroleum cracking, seamless steel pipes for chemical fertilizers, seamless steel pipes for chemical industry and their operating temperature ranges
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking, seamless steel pipe for chemical fertilizer, seamless steel pipe for chemical industry
Petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industry steel pipes (including coal chemical industry) are generally referred to as three chemical steel pipes, generally refer to petrochemicals, including petroleum refining, chemical fiber production, coal chemical industry, chemical industry, and fertilizer production. According to the production method of steel pipe, it is divided into seamless steel pipe and welded pipe. According to the steel type, it can be divided into carbon steel pipes, alloy steel pipes and stainless steel pipes, as well as composite steel pipes which have been widely used in recent years. Because the main physical and chemical reactions in the production process of Sanhua are carried out under specific pressure and temperature. The raw materials, the reaction process and the output all have temperature and pressure requirements, and the raw materials, the reaction process and the output are all corrosive. Therefore, there are certain technical requirements for steel pipes used in specific three-chemical production.
1. The requirements of the Sanhua pressure device for the performance of steel
In the petrochemical industry, most of the operating conditions of containers are not normal temperature or pressure, that is, the operating pressure is higher or lower than atmospheric pressure; the operating temperature is higher or lower than normal temperature; the operating medium of the container is mostly flammable, explosive, It is even toxic and corrosive. Moreover, with the continuous increase in the depth of petroleum processing and the development of petrochemicals, the operating conditions of refinery equipment will become more and more demanding, which means that the requirements for pressure vessels and pipeline materials are getting higher and higher. Mainly include: high working temperature strength, sufficient creep strength and lasting strength, good toughness, structural stability, low notch sensitivity, good low-magnification structure, good processing performance and welding performance.
2. Steel pipes and varieties commonly used in three chemical plants
Cracking pipes are furnace tubes, heat exchange and connecting pipes used in petroleum refineries. It is one of the earliest varieties of special seamless steel pipes developed in my country. For the current technical standards of cracking pipes, see GB9948-2006.
Fertilizer special pipes are used for fertilizers, equipment and pipelines in chemical plants with working temperature of -40-400℃ and working pressure of 10-30MPa. See GB6479-2000 for the current technical standards of chemical pipes.
In addition to the above two special standards, the Sanhua industry also uses a large number of ordinary steel pipes, steel pipes for liquefaction transportation, low and medium pressure boiler pipes, high pressure boiler pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, titanium alloy pipes, composite pipes and low temperature resistant pipes. Wait.
The development of medium-pressure hydrocracking technology with an operating pressure of 6-10.0Mpa has been very active since the 1980s. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the demand for hydrogenation equipment has increased in recent years, such as hydrocracking, benzene hydrogenation, kerosene hydrogenation, gasoline, diesel hydrogenation, and lubricating oil hydrogenation equipment. The position of hydrogen cracking technology in the refining and chemical industry is becoming more and more important.
The characteristics of my country's energy resources are rich in coal and less oil. Utilizing my country's rich coal resources and adopting coal liquefaction technology, coal can be converted into high-quality liquid fuels or directly gasified to produce coal-to-gas. It is an effective way to utilize steam coal, especially high-sulfur coal in my country. Direct coal liquefaction is a hydrogenation process under high pressure and high temperature, so process equipment and materials must have high pressure resistance and hydrogen corrosion resistance under critical hydrogen conditions.
In short, the three chemical equipment has a very wide range of steel pipes used, and the requirements are also very diverse. Therefore, as a steel pipe manufacturer, it should be closer to the market, understand the needs of users, and develop the steel pipes that best meet the needs of users according to the user's use environment rather than sticking to the requirements of the standard.
The most widely used steel pipe varieties in pressure vessels are:
2.1 Carbon steel
Carbon structural steel and high-quality carbon steel are often used in pressure vessels. In the national standard GB699-88 "Technical Conditions for High-quality Carbon Structural Steel", high-quality carbon steel is divided into steel grades according to content and manganese content. Commonly used pressure vessels are 20R, 16MnR, and 10, 20 seamless steel pipes. .
2.2 Alloy steel
According to the content of alloying elements, it is divided into low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and high alloy steel.
① Low alloy steel
Low-alloy steel is an alloy steel with a certain amount of alloying elements added on the basis of carbon steel. The total content of its alloying elements is generally not more than 5% to increase the strength of the steel and ensure a certain degree of plasticity and toughness, or to make the steel have certain special properties, such as low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance, hydrogen resistance or corrosion resistance.
1) Low temperature steel
Low-temperature steel is mainly used in air separation equipment and liquefied petroleum gas storage and transportation equipment and other low-temperature containers and metal structures in cold regions. Therefore, the low-temperature toughness of steel is required to be high. Generally, it is through solid solution strengthening of alloy elements to refine crystals. Through normalizing and tempering, the grains are refined and the structure is homogenized to obtain good low-temperature toughness. Commonly used low-temperature alloy steels for pressure vessels include 16MnDR, 15MnNiDR, 09Mn2VDR, 09MnNiDR, etc.
2) Heat-resistant steel
Commonly used low-alloy heat-resistant steels for pressure vessels include 1Cr-0.5Mo (15CrMo), 11/4Cr-0.5Mo, 21/4Cr-1Mo, 3Cr-1Mo, etc. The Cr and Mo alloying elements contained in these alloy steels and carbide forming elements such as vanadium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, and boron are also basic elements that significantly improve the hydrogen resistance of steel. Therefore, the above-mentioned low-alloy heat-resistant steels can also be used as resistant elements. Hydrogen steel is used.
②Medium alloy steel
Alloy steels with a total content of 5-12% alloying elements are collectively referred to as medium alloy steels. There are few or almost no use in pressure vessels, and they are mostly used in piping and heating furnace tubes, mainly including Cr5-Mo and Cr9-Mo steels.
③High alloy steel
Alloy steel with a total content of alloying elements higher than 13% is called high-alloy steel. According to the structure of its supply state, it is divided into ferrite, martensite, austenite and austenite + ferrite dual-phase steel. The most widely used of this type of steel is Cr or Cr-Ni type steel. Because it contains high Cr or Cr-Ni alloy elements, it has corrosion resistance to the atmosphere and various corrosive media, so it is also called stainless steel. The commonly used steel grades for pressure vessels and its internal parts are 0Cr13, 1 Cr13, 2Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 00Cr19Ni10, 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2 Ti, 0Cr19Ni13Mo3, 00Cr19Ni13Mo3, etc.
3. Market analysis of large-diameter thick-walled steel pipes for petrochemical industry
3.1 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for high-pressure hydrocracking projects
Since the 1980s, the development of medium-pressure hydrocracking technology with an operating pressure of 6-10.0Mpa has been very active. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the demand for hydrogenation equipment has increased in recent years, such as hydrocracking, kerosene hydrogenation, gasoline, diesel hydrogenation and lubricating oil hydrogenation equipment, etc. The construction of hydrocracking technology is increasing. The status of industry is becoming more and more important.
According to the introduction of Beijing Design and Research Institute, a 1.2 million tons/year hydrocracking unit has a design pressure of 10.0MPa and uses about 600 tons of seamless steel pipes, of which about 100 tons of large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes are needed. Thickness of 400mm, maximum diameter of 600mm.
3.2 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for ethylene projects.
In the petrochemical industry, the ethylene plant has the largest amount of seamless pipes, with a wall thickness of up to 90mm. A typical 900,000-ton ethylene plant requires approximately 40,000 tons of ∮18-610 steel pipes.
The consumption of seamless pipes in the 900,000 tons/year ethylene plant is about 3,000 tons. At present, many domestic ethylene plants are being upgraded and expanded to a scale of 900,000 tons. With the increasing development of ultra-high pressure technology, the scale of design is becoming larger and larger, especially the development of ultra-high-pressure ethylene production equipment by the tube method. The required ultra-high-pressure large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipe inner diameter is getting larger and larger, so from the analysis of the investigation, In the petrochemical industry, the number of large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes that the ethylene plant will consume in the next few years will be about 20,000 tons per year.
3.3 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for coal liquefaction
The characteristics of my country's energy resources are rich in oil and less coal. The use of my country's rich coal resources and the use of coal liquefaction technology to convert coal into high-quality liquid fuels is an effective way for my country to utilize steam coal, especially high-sulfur coal.
Direct coal liquefaction is a hydrogenation process under high pressure and high temperature, so process equipment and materials must have high pressure resistance and hydrogen corrosion resistance under critical hydrogen conditions. In addition, the directly liquefied materials contain solid particles such as coal and catalysts, so technical problems such as deposition, abrasion, and sealing caused by the processed particles must be solved. Inclined transportation with large-diameter seamless steel pipes can inhibit the phase separation of the slurry and the residue in the conveying pipe during the process. The wall thickness of the seamless steel pipe can be as high as 105mm.
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking, seamless steel pipe for chemical fertilizer, seamless steel pipe for chemical industry
Petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industry steel pipes (including coal chemical industry) are generally referred to as three chemical steel pipes, generally refer to petrochemicals, including petroleum refining, chemical fiber production, coal chemical industry, chemical industry, and fertilizer production. According to the production method of steel pipe, it is divided into seamless steel pipe and welded pipe. According to the steel type, it can be divided into carbon steel pipes, alloy steel pipes and stainless steel pipes, as well as composite steel pipes which have been widely used in recent years. Because the main physical and chemical reactions in the production process of Sanhua are carried out under specific pressure and temperature. The raw materials, the reaction process and the output all have temperature and pressure requirements, and the raw materials, the reaction process and the output are all corrosive. Therefore, there are certain technical requirements for steel pipes used in specific three-chemical production.
1. The requirements of the Sanhua pressure device for the performance of steel
In the petrochemical industry, most of the operating conditions of containers are not normal temperature or pressure, that is, the operating pressure is higher or lower than atmospheric pressure; the operating temperature is higher or lower than normal temperature; the operating medium of the container is mostly flammable, explosive, It is even toxic and corrosive. Moreover, with the continuous increase in the depth of petroleum processing and the development of petrochemicals, the operating conditions of refinery equipment will become more and more demanding, which means that the requirements for pressure vessels and pipeline materials are getting higher and higher. Mainly include: high working temperature strength, sufficient creep strength and lasting strength, good toughness, structural stability, low notch sensitivity, good low-magnification structure, good processing performance and welding performance.
Table 1 Commonly used piping materials and operating temperature range
| Steel pipe standard | Steel pipe standard number | Material/Grade |
Outer diameter or nominal diameter (mm) |
Operating temperature (℃) |
Remark | |
| 1 |
Seamless steel pipe
for conveying fluid |
GB/T8163 | 10 | 6—630 | -20-425 | |
| 2 |
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking |
GB9948 | 10/20 | 10—273 | -20-425 | |
| 3 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 10 | 14—273 | -40-400 | Working pressure 10-320Mpa |
| 4 |
Seamless steel pipe for conveying fluid |
GB/T8163 | 20、16Mn | 6—630 | -20-425 | |
| 5 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 16Mn | 14—273 | -40-400 | |
| 6 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 16MnD | 14—273 | -40-250 | |
| 7 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 19Mn2VD | 14—273 | -50-100 | |
| 8 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 19Mn2NiD | 14—273 | -70-100 | |
| 9 |
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking |
GB9948 | 12CrMo | 10—273 | ≤525 | |
| 10 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 12CrMo | 14—273 | ≤525 | |
| 11 |
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking |
GB9948 | 15CrMo | 10—273 | ≤550 | |
| 12 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 15CrMo | 14—273 | ≤550 | |
| 13 |
Seamless steel pipe for high pressure boiler |
GB5310 | 12Cr1MoVG | 10—530 | ≤575 | |
| 14 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 12Cr2Mo | 14—273 | ≤575 | |
| 15 | High pressure seamless steel pipe for fertilizer equipment | GB6479 | 1Cr5Mo | 14—273 | ≤600 | |
| 16 |
Seamless steel pipe for petroleum cracking |
GB9948 | 1Cr5Mo | 10—273 | ≤550 |
2. Steel pipes and varieties commonly used in three chemical plants
Cracking pipes are furnace tubes, heat exchange and connecting pipes used in petroleum refineries. It is one of the earliest varieties of special seamless steel pipes developed in my country. For the current technical standards of cracking pipes, see GB9948-2006.
Fertilizer special pipes are used for fertilizers, equipment and pipelines in chemical plants with working temperature of -40-400℃ and working pressure of 10-30MPa. See GB6479-2000 for the current technical standards of chemical pipes.
In addition to the above two special standards, the Sanhua industry also uses a large number of ordinary steel pipes, steel pipes for liquefaction transportation, low and medium pressure boiler pipes, high pressure boiler pipes, alloy steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, titanium alloy pipes, composite pipes and low temperature resistant pipes. Wait.
The development of medium-pressure hydrocracking technology with an operating pressure of 6-10.0Mpa has been very active since the 1980s. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the demand for hydrogenation equipment has increased in recent years, such as hydrocracking, benzene hydrogenation, kerosene hydrogenation, gasoline, diesel hydrogenation, and lubricating oil hydrogenation equipment. The position of hydrogen cracking technology in the refining and chemical industry is becoming more and more important.
The characteristics of my country's energy resources are rich in coal and less oil. Utilizing my country's rich coal resources and adopting coal liquefaction technology, coal can be converted into high-quality liquid fuels or directly gasified to produce coal-to-gas. It is an effective way to utilize steam coal, especially high-sulfur coal in my country. Direct coal liquefaction is a hydrogenation process under high pressure and high temperature, so process equipment and materials must have high pressure resistance and hydrogen corrosion resistance under critical hydrogen conditions.
In short, the three chemical equipment has a very wide range of steel pipes used, and the requirements are also very diverse. Therefore, as a steel pipe manufacturer, it should be closer to the market, understand the needs of users, and develop the steel pipes that best meet the needs of users according to the user's use environment rather than sticking to the requirements of the standard.
The most widely used steel pipe varieties in pressure vessels are:
2.1 Carbon steel
Carbon structural steel and high-quality carbon steel are often used in pressure vessels. In the national standard GB699-88 "Technical Conditions for High-quality Carbon Structural Steel", high-quality carbon steel is divided into steel grades according to content and manganese content. Commonly used pressure vessels are 20R, 16MnR, and 10, 20 seamless steel pipes. .
2.2 Alloy steel
According to the content of alloying elements, it is divided into low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and high alloy steel.
① Low alloy steel
Low-alloy steel is an alloy steel with a certain amount of alloying elements added on the basis of carbon steel. The total content of its alloying elements is generally not more than 5% to increase the strength of the steel and ensure a certain degree of plasticity and toughness, or to make the steel have certain special properties, such as low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance, hydrogen resistance or corrosion resistance.
1) Low temperature steel
Low-temperature steel is mainly used in air separation equipment and liquefied petroleum gas storage and transportation equipment and other low-temperature containers and metal structures in cold regions. Therefore, the low-temperature toughness of steel is required to be high. Generally, it is through solid solution strengthening of alloy elements to refine crystals. Through normalizing and tempering, the grains are refined and the structure is homogenized to obtain good low-temperature toughness. Commonly used low-temperature alloy steels for pressure vessels include 16MnDR, 15MnNiDR, 09Mn2VDR, 09MnNiDR, etc.
2) Heat-resistant steel
Commonly used low-alloy heat-resistant steels for pressure vessels include 1Cr-0.5Mo (15CrMo), 11/4Cr-0.5Mo, 21/4Cr-1Mo, 3Cr-1Mo, etc. The Cr and Mo alloying elements contained in these alloy steels and carbide forming elements such as vanadium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, and boron are also basic elements that significantly improve the hydrogen resistance of steel. Therefore, the above-mentioned low-alloy heat-resistant steels can also be used as resistant elements. Hydrogen steel is used.
②Medium alloy steel
Alloy steels with a total content of 5-12% alloying elements are collectively referred to as medium alloy steels. There are few or almost no use in pressure vessels, and they are mostly used in piping and heating furnace tubes, mainly including Cr5-Mo and Cr9-Mo steels.
③High alloy steel
Alloy steel with a total content of alloying elements higher than 13% is called high-alloy steel. According to the structure of its supply state, it is divided into ferrite, martensite, austenite and austenite + ferrite dual-phase steel. The most widely used of this type of steel is Cr or Cr-Ni type steel. Because it contains high Cr or Cr-Ni alloy elements, it has corrosion resistance to the atmosphere and various corrosive media, so it is also called stainless steel. The commonly used steel grades for pressure vessels and its internal parts are 0Cr13, 1 Cr13, 2Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 00Cr19Ni10, 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2 Ti, 0Cr19Ni13Mo3, 00Cr19Ni13Mo3, etc.
3. Market analysis of large-diameter thick-walled steel pipes for petrochemical industry
3.1 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for high-pressure hydrocracking projects
Since the 1980s, the development of medium-pressure hydrocracking technology with an operating pressure of 6-10.0Mpa has been very active. With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the demand for hydrogenation equipment has increased in recent years, such as hydrocracking, kerosene hydrogenation, gasoline, diesel hydrogenation and lubricating oil hydrogenation equipment, etc. The construction of hydrocracking technology is increasing. The status of industry is becoming more and more important.
According to the introduction of Beijing Design and Research Institute, a 1.2 million tons/year hydrocracking unit has a design pressure of 10.0MPa and uses about 600 tons of seamless steel pipes, of which about 100 tons of large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes are needed. Thickness of 400mm, maximum diameter of 600mm.
3.2 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for ethylene projects.
In the petrochemical industry, the ethylene plant has the largest amount of seamless pipes, with a wall thickness of up to 90mm. A typical 900,000-ton ethylene plant requires approximately 40,000 tons of ∮18-610 steel pipes.
The consumption of seamless pipes in the 900,000 tons/year ethylene plant is about 3,000 tons. At present, many domestic ethylene plants are being upgraded and expanded to a scale of 900,000 tons. With the increasing development of ultra-high pressure technology, the scale of design is becoming larger and larger, especially the development of ultra-high-pressure ethylene production equipment by the tube method. The required ultra-high-pressure large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipe inner diameter is getting larger and larger, so from the analysis of the investigation, In the petrochemical industry, the number of large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes that the ethylene plant will consume in the next few years will be about 20,000 tons per year.
3.3 Large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipes for coal liquefaction
The characteristics of my country's energy resources are rich in oil and less coal. The use of my country's rich coal resources and the use of coal liquefaction technology to convert coal into high-quality liquid fuels is an effective way for my country to utilize steam coal, especially high-sulfur coal.
Direct coal liquefaction is a hydrogenation process under high pressure and high temperature, so process equipment and materials must have high pressure resistance and hydrogen corrosion resistance under critical hydrogen conditions. In addition, the directly liquefied materials contain solid particles such as coal and catalysts, so technical problems such as deposition, abrasion, and sealing caused by the processed particles must be solved. Inclined transportation with large-diameter seamless steel pipes can inhibit the phase separation of the slurry and the residue in the conveying pipe during the process. The wall thickness of the seamless steel pipe can be as high as 105mm.
