ASTM A872 Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM A872/A872M
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service.These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 1 ⁄ 2 -in.(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 1 ⁄ 2 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in Thickness
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX Welding Qualifications 3
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct E186 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
Adjunct E280 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
Adjunct E446 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately..
3.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness in inches [millimetres]),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/A999M),
3.1.6 End finish of Specification A999/A999M,
3.1.7 Optional Requirements (S1 through S6),
3.1.8 Test report required (Section 12), and
3.1.9 Special requirements or additions to the specification.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Manufacture:
5.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the centrifugal casting process.
5.1.2 All pipes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition as shown in Table 2.
5.1.3 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner surface and may be supplied either machined or unmachined in the outer surface. All machining shall be to a roughness value agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
A Values are maximums unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed or reported.
6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
6.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.
7. Tensile Requirements
7.1 Testing—Steel used for the castings shall conform to the tensile and hardness requirements specified in Table 3.
A Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the property need not be determined or reported.
7.2 Test Specimens:
7.2.1 Test bars shall be taken from heat-treated castings.
7.2.2 Tension test specimens shall be the standard round 2-in[50-mm] gage length specimen.
7.3 Number of Tests:
7.3.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.
7.3.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat.
7.4 Retests—If the results of the mechanical test for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the casting may be reheat treated and retested, but this may not be solution treated more than twice.
8. Quality
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of cracks and hot tears. Other surface defects shall be judged in accordance with visual acceptance criteria that may be specified in the order.
9. Rework and Retreatment
9.1 Defects as defined in Section 9 shall be removed and their removal verified by visual inspection of the resultant cavities. Defects that are located by inspection using Supplementary Requirement S4, S5, or S6 shall be removed or reduced to an acceptable size.
9.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
9.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted subject to the purchaser’s approval. The composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal being welded.
9.3.1 Practice A488/A488M or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX shall be used as a guide for welder and procedure qualification and shall be by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. All repair welds shall be inspected to the same quality standard used to inspect the casting.
10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
10.1 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than 1 ⁄ 8 in. [3 mm]. There shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness.
11. Rejection
11.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer may be inspected by the purchaser and if it does not meet the requirements of the specification based on the inspection and test method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may be rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
12. Certification
12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification, together with a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the time of shipment.
13. Product Marking
13.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with the manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification number, and the grade. In addition, heat numbers or special numbers that are traceable to heat numbers, shall be marked on each length of pipe.
14. Keywords
14.1 casting; centrifugal casting; corrosive service; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel; pipe
Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Corrosive Environments
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service.These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 1 ⁄ 2 -in.(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 1 ⁄ 2 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in Thickness
2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
Section IX Welding Qualifications 3
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct E186 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
Adjunct E280 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
Adjunct E446 Reference Radiographs—Transparencies in Ringbinders, Volumes
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately..
3.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness in inches [millimetres]),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/A999M),
3.1.6 End finish of Specification A999/A999M,
3.1.7 Optional Requirements (S1 through S6),
3.1.8 Test report required (Section 12), and
3.1.9 Special requirements or additions to the specification.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Manufacture:
5.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the centrifugal casting process.
5.1.2 All pipes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition as shown in Table 2.
5.1.3 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner surface and may be supplied either machined or unmachined in the outer surface. All machining shall be to a roughness value agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements A
| Element | Grade | ||
| UNS J93183 | UNS J93550 |
UNS J94300 CD4MCuMN |
|
| C | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.040 |
| Mn | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.50–1.50 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.040 |
| S | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.040 |
| Si | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.10 |
| Ni | 4.00–6.00 | 5.00–8.00 | 4.5–6.0 |
| Cr | 20.0–23.0 | 23.0–26.0 | 24.5–26.5 |
| Mo | 2.00–4.00 | 2.00–4.00 | 2.5–4.0 |
| N | 0.08–0.25 | 0.08–0.25 | 0.18–0.26 |
| Cu | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.3–3.0 |
| Co | 0.50–1.50 | 0.50–1.50 | ... |
A Values are maximums unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed or reported.
6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.
6.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment Requirements
| Grade | Condition | |
|
Temperature, °F [°C] |
Quenching | |
| UNS J93183 | 1920–2100 [1050–1150] |
Water quench or rapid cooling by other means |
| UNS J93550 | 1920–2100 [1050–1150] |
Water quench or rapid cooling by other means |
|
UNS J94300 CD4MCuMN |
1900 minimum |
Water quench or rapid cooling by other means |
7. Tensile Requirements
7.1 Testing—Steel used for the castings shall conform to the tensile and hardness requirements specified in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements A
| Requirement | Grade | ||
| UNS J93183 | UNS J93550 |
UNS J94300 CD4MCuMN |
|
| Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] | 90 [620] | 90 [620] | 110 [760] |
| Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] | 65 [450] | 65 [450] | 70 [480] |
| Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min,% | 25 | 20 | 20 |
| Hardness, max: | |||
| Brinell | 290 | 297 | ... |
| Rockwell C | 30.5 | 31.5 | ... |
A Where ellipses ({) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the property need not be determined or reported.
7.2 Test Specimens:
7.2.1 Test bars shall be taken from heat-treated castings.
7.2.2 Tension test specimens shall be the standard round 2-in[50-mm] gage length specimen.
7.3 Number of Tests:
7.3.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat.
7.3.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat.
7.4 Retests—If the results of the mechanical test for any heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the casting may be reheat treated and retested, but this may not be solution treated more than twice.
8. Quality
8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of cracks and hot tears. Other surface defects shall be judged in accordance with visual acceptance criteria that may be specified in the order.
9. Rework and Retreatment
9.1 Defects as defined in Section 9 shall be removed and their removal verified by visual inspection of the resultant cavities. Defects that are located by inspection using Supplementary Requirement S4, S5, or S6 shall be removed or reduced to an acceptable size.
9.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression shall be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
9.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted subject to the purchaser’s approval. The composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal being welded.
9.3.1 Practice A488/A488M or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX shall be used as a guide for welder and procedure qualification and shall be by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. All repair welds shall be inspected to the same quality standard used to inspect the casting.
10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
10.1 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than 1 ⁄ 8 in. [3 mm]. There shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness.
11. Rejection
11.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer may be inspected by the purchaser and if it does not meet the requirements of the specification based on the inspection and test method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may be rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
12. Certification
12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification, together with a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the time of shipment.
13. Product Marking
13.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with the manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification number, and the grade. In addition, heat numbers or special numbers that are traceable to heat numbers, shall be marked on each length of pipe.
14. Keywords
14.1 casting; centrifugal casting; corrosive service; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel; pipe