ASTM A789 Seamless and Welded Stainless Steel Tube
ASTM A789
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers grades of nominal wall thickness, stainless steel tubing for services requiring general corrosion resistance, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and Strip
A 1016/A 1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for product under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of product (seamless or welded tubes),
3.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
3.1.6 Optional requirements (for product analysis,see Section 8; for hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, see Section 10),
3.1.7 Test report required (see the Inspection section of Specification A 1016/A 1016M),
3.1.8 Specification designation, and
3.1.9 Special requirements.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of Specification A 1016/A 1016M, unless otherwise provided herein.
5. Manufacture
5.1 The tubes shall be made by the seamless or welded process with no filler metal added.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 All tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the procedures shown in Table 1. For seamless tubes, as an alternate to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace,immediately following hot forming while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatmenttemperature,tubesmaybeindividuallyquenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
Table 1 Heat Treatment
|
UNS Designation A |
Temperature | Quench |
| S32003 |
1850–2050°F [1010–1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31803 |
1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32205 |
1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31500 |
1800–1900°F [980–1040°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water... |
| S32550 |
1900°F [1040°C] min |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31200 |
1920–2010°F [1050–1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S31260 |
1870–2010°F [1020–1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32001 |
1800–1950°F [982–1066°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32304 |
1700–1920°F [925–1050°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S39274 |
1920–2060°F [1025–1125°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32750 |
1880–2060°F [1025–1125°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32760 |
2010–2085°F [1100–1140°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32900 |
1700–1750°F [925–955°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32950 |
1820–1880°F [990–1025°C] |
Air cool |
| S39277 |
1975–2155°F [1080–1180°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32520 |
1975–2050°F [1080–1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32906 |
1900–1980°F [1040–1080°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 2.
Table 2 Chemical Composition
|
UNS Designation A |
C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | Cu | Others |
| S31803 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 0.030 max | 0.020 max | 1.00 max | 4.5-6.5 | 21.0-23.0 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.08-0.20 | ... | ... |
| S32205 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 0.030 max | 0.020 max | 1.00 max | 4.5-6.5 | 22.0-23.0 | 3.0-3.5 | 0.14-0.20 | ... | ... |
| S31500 | 0.030 max | 1.20-2.00 | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 1.40-2.00 | 4.3-5.2 | 18.0-19.0 | 2.5-3.0 | 0.05-0.10 | ... | ... |
| S32550 | 0.040 max | 1.50 max | 0.040 max | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 4.5-6.5 | 24.0-27.0 | 2.9-3.9 | 0.10-0.25 | 1.50-2.50 | ... |
| S31200 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 5.5-6.5 | 24.0-26.0 | 1.2-2.0 | 0.14-0.20 | ... | ... |
| S31260 | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 0.75 max | 5.5-7.5 | 24.0-26.0 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.10-0.30 | 0.20-0.80 | W 1.10-0.50 |
| S32001 | 0.030 max | 4.00-6.00 | 0.040 max | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 1.0-3.0 | 19.5-21.5 | 0.60 max | 0.05-0.17 | 1.00 max | ... |
| S32304 | 0.030 max | 2.50 max | 0.040 max | 0.040 max | 1.00 max | 3.0-5.5 | 21.5-24.5 | 0.05-0.60 | 0.05-0.20 | 0.05-0.60 | ... |
| S39274 | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 max | 0.020 max | 0.80 max | 6.0-8.0 | 24.0-26.0 | 2.5-3.5 | 0.24-0.32 | 0.20-0.80 | W 1.50-2.50 |
| S32750 | 0.030 max | 1.20 max | 0.035 max | 0.020 max | 0.80 max | 6.0-8.0 | 24.0-26.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 0.24-0.32 | 0.50 max | ... |
| S32760 | 0.050 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 max | 0.010 max | 1.00 max | 6.0-8.0 | 24.0-26.0 | 3.0-4.0 | 0.20-0.30 | 0.50-1.00 |
W 0.50-1.00 40 min B |
| S32900 | 0.080 max | 1.00 max | 0.040 max | 0.030 max | 0.75 max | 2.5-5.0 | 23.0-28.0 | 1.00-2.00 | ... | ... | ... |
| S32950 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 0.035 max | 0.010 max | 0.60 max | 3.5-5.2 | 26.0-29.0 | 1.00-2.50 | 0.15-0.35 | ... | ... |
| S39277 | 0.025 max | 0.80 max | 0.025 max | 0.002 max | 0.80 max | 6.5-8.0 | 24.0-26.0 | 3.00-4.00 | 0.23-0.33 | 1.20-2.00 | W 0.80-1.21 |
| S32520 | 0.030 max | 1.50 max | 0.035 max | 0.020 max | 0.80 max | 7.5-8.0 | 23.0-25.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 0.20-0.35 | 0.50-3.00 | ... |
| S32906 | 0.030 max | 0.80-1.50 | 0.030 max | 0.030 max | 0.50 max | 5.8-7.5 | 28.0-30.0 | 1.5-2.6 | 0.30-0.40 | 0.80 max | ... |
A New designation established in accordance whit practice E527 and SAE J1086
B %Cr + 3.3*% Mo +16 * %N
8. Product Analysis
8.1 An analysis of either one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat.The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
8.2 A product analysis tolerance (see the annex table on Chemical Requirements (Product Analysis Tolerances) in Specification A 480/A 480M) shall apply. The product analysis tolerance is not applicable to the carbon content for material with a specified maximum carbon of 0.04% or less.
8.3 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests for the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this specification;otherwise, all remaining material in the heat shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes that do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be rejected.
NOTE 1 — For flange and flaring requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 3.
TABLE 3 NUMBER OF TUBES IN A LOT HEAT TREATED BY THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS OR BY DIRECT QUENCH AFTER HOT FORMING
| Size of Tube | Size of Lot |
| 2 in. [50.8 mm] and over in outside diameter and 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] and over in wall thickness | not more than 50 tubes |
|
Less than 2 in. [50.8 mm] but over 1 in. [25.4mm]in outside diameter or over 1 in. [25.4 mm] in outside diameter
and under 0.200 in. [5.1 mm] in wall thickness
|
not more than 75 tubes |
| 1 in. [25.4 mm] or less in outside diameter | not more than 125 tube |
NOTE 2 — For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed, or all tubes of the same size and heat, hot formed and quenched in the same production run.
9. Mechanical Tests Required
9.1 Tension Tests – One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (see Note 2).
9.2 Flaring Test (for Seamless Tubes) – One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note 1) of finished tubes. The minimum expansion of the inside diameter shall be 10%.
9.3 Flange Test (for Welded Tubes) – One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note 1) of finished tubes.
9.4 Hardness Test – Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (see Note 2).
9.5 When more than one heat is involved, the tension, flaring,flanging,and hardness test requirements shall apply to each heat.
9.6 Reverse Flattening Test – For welded tubes, one reverse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing.
10. Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
10.1 Each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
10.2 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Specification A 1016/A 1016M, except that in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure 64000(441.2) shall be substituted for 32000(220.6).
11. Tensile and Hardness Properties
11.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 4.
Table 4 TENSILE AND HARDNESS REQUIREMENTS A
|
UNS Designation A |
Tensile Strength, min, ksi [MPa] | Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] |
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % |
Hardness, max | |
| Brinell | HRC | ||||
| S31803 | 90 [620] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S32205 | 95 [655] | 70 [485] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S31500 | 92 [630] | 64 [440] | 30 | 290 | 30 |
| S32550 | 110 [760] | 80 [550] | 15 | 297 | 30 |
| S31200 | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | 280 | ... |
| S31260 B | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S32001 | 90 [620] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S32304 | |||||
| OD 1 in. [25 mm] and under | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | ... | ... |
| OD over 1 in. [25 mm] | 87 [600] | 58 [400] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S39274 | 116 [800] | 80 [550] | 15 | 310 | ... |
| S32750 | 116 [800] | 80 [550] | 15 | 300 | 32 |
| S32760 | 109 [750] | 80 [550] | 25 | 300 | ... |
| S32900 | 90 [620] | 70 [485] | 20 | 271 | 28 |
| S32950 C | 100 [690] | 70 [485] | 20 | 290 | 30 |
| S39277 | 120 [825] | 90 [620] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
| S32520 | 112 [770] | 80 [550] | 25 | 310 | ... |
| S32906 | |||||
| Wall below 0.40 in. (10 mm) | 116 [800] | 94 [650] | 25 | 300 | 32 |
| Wall 0.40 in. (10 mm) and above | 109 [750] | 80 [550] | 25 | 300 | 32 |
| S32003 | 90 [620] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 | 30 |
NOTES:
A A For tubing smaller than 1 ⁄ 2 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 4 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1 ⁄ 8 in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter or with walls thinner than 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].
B Prior to A 789/A 789M-87, the values for S31260 were: 92 ksi tensile strength, 54 ksi yield strength, and 30% elongation.
C Prior to A 789/A 789M-89, the tensile strength value was 90 ksi for UNS S32950.
12. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
12.1 Variations inoutside diameter,wall thickness,and length from those specified shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.
12.2 The permissible variations in outside diameter given in Table 5 are not sufficient to provide for ovality in thin-walled tubes, as defined in the table. In such tubes,the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no more than twice the permissible variation in outside diameter given
inTable5;however,the mean diameter at that cross section must still be within the given permissible variation.
Table 5 PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS
| Group |
Size, Outside Diameter, in.[mm] |
Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter, in.[mm] |
Permissible
Variations in Wall Thickness, A %
|
Permissible Variations in Cut
Length, in. B [mm]
|
Thin Walled Tubes C | |
| Over | Under | |||||
| 1 |
Up to1 ⁄ 2 [12.7], excl
|
±0.005 [0.13] | ±15 |
1⁄ 8[3]
|
0 | .... |
| 2 |
1 ⁄ 2 to 1 1 ⁄ 2 [12.7 to 38.1], excl
|
±0.005 [0.13] | ±10 | 1⁄ 8[3] | 0 | less than 0.065 in. [1.6 mm] nominal |
| 3 | 1 1 ⁄ 2 to 3 1 ⁄ 2 [38.1 to 88.9], excl | ±0.010 [0.25] | ±10 | 3⁄ 16[5] | 0 | Less than 0.095 in. [2.4 mm] nominal |
| 4 | 3 1 ⁄ 2 to 5 1 ⁄ 2 [88.9 to 139.7], excl | ±0.015 [0.38] | ±10 | 3⁄ 16[5] | 0 | Less than 0.150 in. [3.8 mm] nominal |
| 5 | 5 1 ⁄ 2 to 8 [139.7 to 203.2], incl | ±0.030 [0.76] | ±10 | 3⁄ 16[5] | 0 | Less than 0.150 in. [3.8 mm] nominal |
NOTES:
A When tubes as ordered require wall thicknesses 3 ⁄ 4 in. [19 mm] or over, or an inside diameter 60% or less of the outside diameter, a wider variation in wall thickness is required. On such sizes a variation in wall thickness of 12.5% over or under will be permitted. For tubes less than 1 ⁄ 2 in. [12.7 mm] in inside diameter that cannot be successfully drawn over a mandrel, the wall thickness may vary ±15% from that specified.
B These tolerances apply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft [7.3 m]. For lengths greater than 24 ft [7.3 m], the above over-tolerances shall be increased by 1 ⁄ 8 in. [3 mm] for each 10 ft [3 m] or fraction thereof over 24 ft or 1 ⁄ 2 in. [13 mm], whichever is the lesser.
C Ovality provisions of 12.2 apply.
13. Surface Condition
13.1 All tubes shall be free of excessive mill scale,suitable for inspection. A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale. Any special finish requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
14. Product Marking
14.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A 1016/A 1016M, the marking shall indicate whether the tubing is seamless or welded.
15. Keywords
15.1 duplex stainless steel; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel; seamless steel tube; stainless steel tube; steel tube;welded steel tube.